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The cavitation erosion damage process of dynamically loaded journal bearings

MA Yan-yan, CHENG Xian-hua

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年 第1卷 第4期   页码 461-464 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0059-2

摘要： The cavitation damage model was built using finite element analysis software MSC.Marc. This paper attempted to numerically analyze the action process based on damage mechanics when a jet created by bubble collapse acted on the bearing surface in the process of cavitation erosion. The numerical results show that the values of equivalent plastic strain and void volume fraction increase with time. The values of damage scalar are higher on the bearing surface and subsurface, and decrease when it approaches the interface of overlay and nickel layer. The strain history and damage evolvement of bearing material acted on by jet impact load can be calculated efficiently using the proposed method, which develops a new method of analyzing cavitation erosion failure of the bearing surface.

关键词： bearing     fraction increase     collapse     process     evolvement    

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Zero increase in peak discharge for sustainable development

Xing Fang, Junqi Li, Yongwei Gong, Xiaoning Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0935-5

摘要： For urban land development, some or all natural land uses (primarily pervious) are converted into impervious areas which lead to increases of runoff volume and peak discharge. Most of the developed countries require a zero increase in peak discharge for any land development, and the policy has been implemented for several decades. The policy of zero increase in peak discharge can be considered as historical and early stage for the low impact development (LID) and sustainable development, which is to maintain natural hydrological conditions by storing a part or all of additional runoff due to the development on site. The paper will discuss the policy, the policy implementation for individual projects and their impact on regional hydrology. The design rainfalls for sizing LID facilities that are determined in 206 weather stations in USA are smaller than design rainfalls for sizing detention basins. The zero-increase policy links to financial responsibility and sustainability for construction of urban stormwater infrastructures and for reducing urban flooding. The policy was compared with current practices of urban development in China to shine the light for solving urban stormwater problems. The connections and differences among LID practices, the zero-increase policy, and the flood control infrastructure were discussed. We promote and advocate the zero-increase policy on peak discharge for comprehensive stormwater management in China in addition to LID.

关键词： Stormwater management     Detention basin     Zero increase     Peak discharge     Sustainable development     Design rainfall    

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Anti-hyperglycemic effect of the polysaccharide fraction isolated from mactra veneriformis

Lingchong WANG, Hao WU, Nian CHANG, Kun ZHANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 238-244 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0002-2

摘要： Total macromolecule extract was obtained from the soft body of by the coupling techniques of decoction and alcohol precipitation. The extract was deproteinized with an ion exchange column, and resulted in the purifying of the crude polysaccharide fraction. It was found by chemical analysis that the crude polysaccharide part is composed of abundant polysaccharides (>95%) and few proteins (<1%). Furthermore, only one type of monosaccharide, glucose, was detected from its hydrolytes by thin-layer chromatography, indicating that the polysaccharides might be analogs of glucosan. The anti-hyperglycemia effects of the crude polysaccharide part were preliminarily investigated using several pharmacological methods in normal and diabetic mice. Animal experimental results showed that the crude polysaccharide fraction exhibited proper glycemia inhibition activity, and 300 mg/kg-weight dose has the optimal effect among all the studied doses. It is concluded that the crude polysaccharide fraction can be explored as a novel health product that possesses potential as an anti-hyperglycemic agent.

关键词： anti-hyperglycemia     Mactra veneriformis     polysaccharide     monosaccharide composition     oral glucose tolerance test    

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FMO3--TMAO axis modulates the clinical outcome in chronic heart-failure patients with reduced ejection fraction

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 295-305 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0857-2

摘要： The association among plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), FMO3 polymorphisms, and chronic heart failure (CHF) remains to be elucidated. TMAO is a microbiota-dependent metabolite from dietary choline and carnitine. A prospective study was performed including 955 consecutively diagnosed CHF patients with reduced ejection fraction, with the longest follow-up of 7 years. The concentrations of plasma TMAO and its precursors, namely, choline and carnitine, were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the FMO3 E158K polymorphisms (rs2266782) were genotyped. The top tertile of plasma TMAO was associated with a significant increment in hazard ratio (HR) for the composite outcome of cardiovascular death or heart transplantation (HR=1.47, 95% CI=1.13–1.91, P=0.004) compared with the lowest tertile. After adjustments of the potential confounders, higher TMAO could still be used to predict the risk of the primary endpoint (adjusted HR=1.33, 95% CI=1.01–1.74, P=0.039). This result was also obtained after further adjustment for carnitine (adjusted HR=1.33, 95% CI=1.01–1.74, P=0.039). The FMO3 rs2266782 polymorphism was associated with the plasma TMAO concentrations in our cohort, and lower TMAO levels were found in the AA-genotype. Thus, higher plasma TMAO levels indicated increased risk of the composite outcome of cardiovascular death or heart transplantation independent of potential confounders, and the FMO3 AA-genotype in rs2266782 was related to lower plasma TMAO levels.

关键词： chronic heart failure     trimethylamine-N-oxide     flavin monooxygenase 3     single nucleotide polymorphism    

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Strength-increase mechanism and microstructural characteristics of a biotreated geomaterial

Chi LI, Siriguleng BAI, Tuanjie ZHOU, Hanlong LIU, Xiao QIN, Shihui LIU, Xiaoying LIU, Yang XIAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 599-608 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0606-7

摘要： Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a recently proposed method that is environmentally friendly and has considerable potential applications in artificial biotreated geomaterials. New artificial biotreated geomaterials are produced based on the MICP technology for different parent soils. The purpose of this study is to explore the strength-increase mechanism and microstructural characteristics of the biotreated geomaterial through a series of experiments. The results show that longer mineralization time results in higher-strength biotreated geomaterial. The strength growth rate rapidly increases in the beginning and remains stable afterwards. The calcium ion content significantly increases with the extended mineralization time. When standard sand was used as a parent soil, the calcium ion content increased to a factor of 39 after 7 days. The bacterial cells with attached calcium ions serve as the nucleus of crystallization and fill the pore space. When fine sand was used as a parent soil, the calcium ion content increased to only a factor of 7 after 7 days of mineralization. The nucleus of crystallization could not normally grow because of the limited pore space. The porosity and variation in porosity are clearly affected by the parent soil. Therefore, the strength of the biotreated geomaterial is affected by the parent soil properties, mineralization time, and granular material pore space. This paper provides a basis for theory and experiments for biotreated geomaterials in future engineering practice.

关键词： biotreated geomaterial     microbially induced calcite precipitation     strength-increase mechanism     microstructural characteristics    

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Effect of ignition timing and hydrogen fraction on combustion and emission characteristics of natural

WANG Jinhua, HUANG Zuohua, LIU Bing, ZENG Ke, YU Jinrong, JIANG Deming

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 194-201 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0035-0

摘要： An experimental study on the combustion and emission characteristics of a direct-injection spark-ignited engine fueled with natural gas/hydrogen blends under various ignition timings was conducted. The results show that ignition timing has a significant influence on engine performance, combustion and emissions. The interval between the end of fuel injection and ignition timing is a very important parameter for direct-injection natural gas engines. The turbulent flow in the combustion chamber generated by the fuel jet remains high and relative strong mixture stratification is introduced when decreasing the angle interval between the end of fuel injection and ignition timing giving fast burning rates and high thermal efficiencies. The maximum cylinder gas pressure, maximum mean gas temperature, maximum rate of pressure rise and maximum heat release rate increase with the advancing of ignition timing. However, these parameters do not vary much with hydrogen addition under specific ignition timing indicating that a small hydrogen fraction addition of less than 20% in the present experiment has little influence on combustion parameters under specific ignition timing. The exhaust HC emission decreases while the exhaust CO concentration increases with the advancing of ignition timing. In the lean combustion condition, the exhaust CO does not vary much with ignition timing. At the same ignition timing, the exhaust HC decreases with hydrogen addition while the exhaust CO and CO do not vary much with hydrogen addition. The exhaust NO increases with the advancing of ignition timing and the behavior tends to be more obvious at large ignition advance angle. The brake mean effective pressure and the effective thermal efficiency of natural gas/hydrogen mixture combustion increase compared with those of natural gas combustion when the hydrogen fraction is over 10%.
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Utilization of nano/micro-size iron recovered from the fine fraction of automobile shredder residue for

Jiwan SINGH, Yoon-Young CHANG, Jae-Kyu YANG, Seon-Hong KANG, Janardhan Reddy KODURU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0848-8

摘要： Phenol removal by n/m Fe in the presence of H O was highly effective. Increasing the amounts of n/m Fe and H O ?increased the phenol removal rate. Phenol removal was decreased with an increase in the concentration of phenol. The natural pH (6.9) of the solution was highly effective for phenol removal. The pseudo-first-order kinetics was best fitted for the degradation of phenol. The study investigates the magnetic separation of Fe from automobile shredder residue (ASR) (<0.25 mm) and its application for phenol degradation in water. The magnetically separated Fe was subjected to an ultrasonically assisted acid treatment, and the degradation of phenol in an aqueous solution using nano/micro-size Fe (n/m Fe) was investigated in an effort to evaluate the possibility of utilizing n/m Fe to remove phenol from wastewater. The prepared n/m Fe was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of the dosages of n/mFe, pH, concentration of phenol and amount of H O on phenol removal were evaluated. The results confirm that the phenol degradation rate was improved with an increase in the dosages of n/mFe and H O ; however, the rate is reduced when the phenol concentration is higher. The degradation of phenol by n/mFe followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The value of the reaction rate constant ( was increased as the amounts of n/m Fe and H O increased. Conversely, the value of was reduced when the concentration of phenol was increased. The probable mechanism behind the degradation of phenol by n/m Fe is the oxidation of phenol through hydroxyl radicals which are produced during the reaction between H O and n/m Fe.

关键词： Automobile shredder residue (ASR)     Fe     Phenol     Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)     Mechanism    

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Emission characteristics of a turbocharged diesel engine fueled with gas-to-liquids

WU Tao, ZHANG Wugao, FANG Junhua, HUANG Zhen

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 331-335 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0049-z

摘要： Emission characteristics of a turbocharged, inter-cooled, heavy-duty diesel engine operating on neat gas-to-liquids (GTL) and blends of GTL with conventional diesel were investigated and a comparison was made with those of diesel fuel. The results show that nitrogen oxides (NO), smoke, and particulate matter (PM) emissions can be decreased when operating on GTL and diesel-GTL blends. Engine emissions decrease with an increase of GTL fraction in the blends. Compared with diesel fuel, an engine operating on GTL can reduce NO, PM, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) by 23.7%, 27.6%, 16.6% and 12.9% in ECE R49 13-mode procedure, respectively. Engine speed and load have great influences on emissions when operating on diesel-GTL blends and diesel fuel in the turbocharged diesel engine. The study indicates that GTL is a promising alternative fuel for diesel engines to reduce emissions.

关键词： comparison     conventional     fraction     13-mode procedure     study    

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光子芯片——效率更高、能耗更低

Mitch Leslie

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第9期   页码 1195-1196 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.005

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A method of determining flame radiation fraction induced by interaction burning of tri-symmetric propane

Jie JI, Junrui DUAN, Huaxian WAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 1017-1026 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0716-x

摘要： The interaction of multiple fires may lead to a higher flame height and more intense radiation flux than a single fire, which increases the possibility of flame spread and risks to the surroundings. Experiments were conducted using three burners with identical heat release rates (HRRs) and propane as the fuel at various spacings. The results show that flames change from non-merging to merging as the spacing decreases, which result in a complex evolution of flame height and merging point height. To facilitate the analysis, a novel merging criterion based on the dimensionless spacing / was proposed. For non-merging flames ( / >0.368), the flame height is almost identical to a single fire; for merging flames ( / ≤0.368), based on the relationship between thermal buoyancy and thrust (the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the flame), a quantitative analysis of the flame height, merging point height, and air entrainment was formed, and the calculated merging flame heights show a good agreement with the measured experimental values. Moreover, the multi-point source model was further improved, and radiation fraction of propane was calculated. The data obtained in this study would play an important role in calculating the external radiation of propane fire.

关键词： flame interaction     air entrainment     flame height     multi-point source model     thermal radiation    

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Temporal echocardiography findings in patients with fulminant myocarditis: beyond ejection fraction decline

Houjuan Zuo, Rui Li, Fei Ma, Jiangang Jiang, Kun Miao, Haojie Li, Eike Nagel, Marijana Tadic, Hong Wang, Dao Wen Wang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 284-292 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0713-9

摘要： The features of myocardial strains from speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) have not been well defined in fulminant myocarditis (FM) patients. In this study, changes in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global and layer-specific myocardial strains over time were monitored. We aimed to determine the echocardiographic patterns of FM and ascertain their significance in FM treatment. Twenty patients who were clinically diagnosed with FM and received mechanical life support were prospectively enrolled. Conventional echocardiographic measurements were obtained, and serial strain echocardiography was performed from admission to hospital discharge until LVEF recovery (>50%). Global/regional peak systolic longitudinal strains (GLS/RLS) and layer-specific longitudinal strains were quantified, and their changes with time were monitored in 14 FM patients. All patients had severely impaired cardiac function. Steep improvement in LVEF and GLS were observed within 6 days. Layer-specific strain analysis showed that reduction at admission or recovery at discharge in the endocardium and epicardium strains were equal. In conclusion, FM patients who received mechanical circulatory supports exhibited steep improvement in ventricular function within 6 days. The patchy and diffused distribution pattern of reduced RLS and equally and severely impaired strain in the endocardium and epicardium are valuable features in the diagnosis of FM.

关键词： fulminant myocarditis     acute myocarditis     2D speckle tracking echocardiography     left ventricular function     global longitudinal strain    

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Chemical identification and genotoxicity analysis of petrochemical industrial wastewater

Jing ZHANG, Shigong WANG, Can WANG, Hongying HU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 350-359 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0404-0

摘要： The actual harmful effects of industrial wastewater can not be reflected by the conventional water quality index. Therefore, the change in dissolved organic matter and the genetic toxicity of petrochemical wastewater were observed in the current study by examining the wastewater treatment plant of a large petrochemical enterprise in Northwest China. Using XAD-8, MSC, and DA-7 resins, the wastewater was separated into six fractions, namely, hydrophobic acid (HOA), hydrophobic neutral (HOB), hydrophobic alkaline, hydrophilic acid, hydrophilic alkaline, and hydrophilic neutral. Umu-test was used to detect the genetic toxicity of the wastewater samples, and fluorescence spectra were also obtained to examine genetic toxic substances. The results show that wastewater treatment facilities can effectively reduce the concentration of organic matter in petrochemical wastewater ( <0.05). However, the mixing of aniline wastewater can increase the amount of organic carbon ( <0.05) and can overload facilities. This finding shows that the mixed collection and joint treatment of different types of petrochemical wastewater can affect the water quality of the effluent. Particularly, hydrophobic substances can be difficult to remove and account for a relatively large proportion of the effluent. The mixture of aniline wastewater can increase the genetic toxicity of the effluent ( <0.05), and biologic treatment can not effectively decrease the toxicity. Most of the genetic toxicology may exist in the HOA and HOB fractions. Fluorescence spectroscopy also confirms this result, and tryptophan-like substances may play an important role in genetic toxicity.

关键词： dissolved organic matter     resin fraction     genetic toxicity     fluorescence excitation and emission matrix    

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Significant increase of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) levels in MBR effluents followed by coagulation

Xiaojie Shi, Zhuo Chen, Yun Lu, Qi Shi, Yinhu Wu, Hong-Ying Hu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1360-8

摘要： Abstract • Annual AOCs in MBR effluents were stable with small increase in warmer seasons. • Significant increase in AOC levels of tertiary effluents were observed. • Coagulation in prior to ozonation can reduce AOC formation in tertiary treatment. • ∆UV254 and SUVA can be surrogates to predict the AOC changes during ozonation. As water reuse development has increased, biological stability issues associated with reclaimed water have gained attention. This study evaluated assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in effluents from a full-scale membrane biological reactor (MBR) plant and found that they were generally stable over one year (125–216 µg/L), with slight increases in warmer seasons. After additional tertiary treatments, the largest increases in absolute and specific AOCs were detected during ozonation, followed by coagulation-ozonation and coagulation. Moreover, UV254 absorbance is known to be an effective surrogate to predict the AOC changes during ozonation. Applying coagulation prior to ozonation of MBR effluents for removal of large molecules was found to reduce the AOC formation compared with ozonation treatment alone. Finally, the results revealed that attention should be paid to seasonal variations in influent and organic fraction changes during treatment to enable sustainable water reuse.

关键词： Assimilable organic carbon (AOC)     MBR effluents     Tertiary treatments     Coagulation     Ozonation    

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Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate over rare earth oxide supported catalyst

JIANG Qi, CHENG Jiye, GAO Zhiqin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 300-303 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0055-z

摘要： Solid base catalysts for the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from carbon dioxide, methanol, and propylene oxide were prepared by loading KCl and KCO on the surface of LaO, YO, CeO and NdO. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The catalytic activities were efficiently influenced by the preparation conditions. The optimal loading amount of KCO is 17.6% (mass) for KCl-KCO/YO and 22.2% for other catalysts. Supports affected the activity of catalyst. KCl-KCO/NdO exhibited the highest activity. The activity of KCl-KCO/YO increased with the increase of calcination temperature in the range of 800ºC–900ºC. The formation of KYO, YOCl or YO species probably promoted the catalysts.

关键词： thermogravimetric analysis     increase     KCl-KCO/NdO     catalytic     KCl-KCO/YO    

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Dynamic fate modeling of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane in the lower reaches of the Liao River

LIU Zhenyu, YANG Fenglin, QUAN Xie, ZHANG Xiaohong

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 166-171 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0029-x

摘要： A QWASI model dependent on temperature is parameterized to describe the long-term fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Liao River. The model parameters, namely fugacity capacity, degradation rate, and transfer coefficient, are profoundly affected by temperature. This model is used to simulate the fate of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) in the lower reaches of the Liao River from 1998 to 2008. Modeling results show that γ-HCH fugacity capacities in air, water, and sediment increase as temperature decreases, and the transfer and transformation rate coefficients increase as temperature increases. The variations of transfer and transformation parameter values depend on fugacity capacities, and transfer and transformation coefficients simultaneously. The performance of the model is evaluated by comparing the predicted and observed concentrations in the water and sediment of the Liao River. The predicted values agree well with the observed value in the order of magnitude, in most cases within the factor of 3. It is believed that the model is appropriate for simulating the long term fate of POPs in the Liao River.

关键词： coefficient     POPs     temperature     sediment increase     dependent    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

The cavitation erosion damage process of dynamically loaded journal bearings

MA Yan-yan, CHENG Xian-hua

期刊论文

Zero increase in peak discharge for sustainable development

Xing Fang, Junqi Li, Yongwei Gong, Xiaoning Li

期刊论文

Anti-hyperglycemic effect of the polysaccharide fraction isolated from mactra veneriformis

Lingchong WANG, Hao WU, Nian CHANG, Kun ZHANG

期刊论文

FMO3--TMAO axis modulates the clinical outcome in chronic heart-failure patients with reduced ejection fraction

期刊论文

Strength-increase mechanism and microstructural characteristics of a biotreated geomaterial

Chi LI, Siriguleng BAI, Tuanjie ZHOU, Hanlong LIU, Xiao QIN, Shihui LIU, Xiaoying LIU, Yang XIAO

期刊论文

Effect of ignition timing and hydrogen fraction on combustion and emission characteristics of natural

WANG Jinhua, HUANG Zuohua, LIU Bing, ZENG Ke, YU Jinrong, JIANG Deming

期刊论文

Utilization of nano/micro-size iron recovered from the fine fraction of automobile shredder residue for

Jiwan SINGH, Yoon-Young CHANG, Jae-Kyu YANG, Seon-Hong KANG, Janardhan Reddy KODURU

期刊论文

Emission characteristics of a turbocharged diesel engine fueled with gas-to-liquids

WU Tao, ZHANG Wugao, FANG Junhua, HUANG Zhen

期刊论文

光子芯片——效率更高、能耗更低

Mitch Leslie

期刊论文

A method of determining flame radiation fraction induced by interaction burning of tri-symmetric propane

Jie JI, Junrui DUAN, Huaxian WAN

期刊论文

Temporal echocardiography findings in patients with fulminant myocarditis: beyond ejection fraction decline

Houjuan Zuo, Rui Li, Fei Ma, Jiangang Jiang, Kun Miao, Haojie Li, Eike Nagel, Marijana Tadic, Hong Wang, Dao Wen Wang

期刊论文

Chemical identification and genotoxicity analysis of petrochemical industrial wastewater

Jing ZHANG, Shigong WANG, Can WANG, Hongying HU

期刊论文

Significant increase of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) levels in MBR effluents followed by coagulation

Xiaojie Shi, Zhuo Chen, Yun Lu, Qi Shi, Yinhu Wu, Hong-Ying Hu

期刊论文

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate over rare earth oxide supported catalyst

JIANG Qi, CHENG Jiye, GAO Zhiqin

期刊论文

Dynamic fate modeling of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane in the lower reaches of the Liao River

LIU Zhenyu, YANG Fenglin, QUAN Xie, ZHANG Xiaohong

期刊论文